Patient education

Mitochondrial disease genetic testing

Testing may examine mitochondrial DNA, nuclear genes, or both, and the most informative sample can depend on the suspected condition.

Pre-test and post-test genetic counseling

Variant classification and limitations

Heteroplasmy and tissue differences where relevant

Family testing only with appropriate interpretation and consent

Use this information safely

This guide cannot diagnose a condition, predict an individual course, or recommend treatment. Bring relevant questions to a qualified clinician and use emergency services for urgent concerns.

Sources

References and further reading

  1. MedlinePlus: Mitochondrial Diseases
  2. NINDS: Mitochondrial Disorders
  3. GeneReviews: Primary Mitochondrial Disorders Overview
  4. United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation

External sources are provided for context and do not imply endorsement of MDA.

Next steps

Learn, connect, and participate

Mitochondrial disease guide

Understand inheritance, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and research.

Read the guide

Patient registry

Learn what participation means and how consent and privacy work.

Registry information

Clinical trials

Browse a source-linked directory and verify current study status.

Browse trials

Research hub

Follow therapies, mechanisms, publications, and funded work.

Explore research

Community support

Find practical resources, events, caregiver paths, and participation boundaries.

Visit community

All mitochondrial disease program

See the MDA program pathway and current planning status.

View program